The cone is shifted in the \ scriptstyle 0 \, p _ { 02 } \, axis direction, appearing a triangular surface, depending on the critical pressure ratio \ scriptstyle \ epsilon _ c = p _ c / p _ { 01 } \,, where \ scriptstyle p _ c \, is the outlet critical pressure of the stage group.
2.
For air with a heat capacity ratio k = 1.4, then p ^ { * } = 0.528 p _ 0; other gases have k in the range 1.09 ( e . g . butane ) to 1.67 ( monatomic gases ), so the critical pressure ratio varies in the range 0.487, which means that, depending on the gas, choked flow usually occurs when the downstream static pressure drops to below 0.487 to 0.587 times the absolute pressure in stagnant upstream source vessel.
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